Ozone
Ozone in the upper atmosphere, although it is extremely necessary for life in that it reflects the Sun’s ultraviolet radiation, infrared radiation emitted selectively reflects the soil, making it to produce a greenhouse. Global greenhouse effect of ozone is difficult to estimate exactly, the last reports of the IPCC estimate this effect at ca. 25% of the effect of carbon dioxide.
The ozone layer is the stratosphere or ozonosphere land that is comprised largely of ozone. This layer contains 90% of the ozone found in the atmosphere and absorbs 97% -99% of high frequency ultraviolet radiation. Ozone layer extends from about 15 km about 40 km altitude.
Ozone is one of the gases that make up the atmosphere: it arises from oxygen by photochemical reactions caused by solar radiation. Earth is surrounded by a layer of ozone high altitude. This layer filters out approximately two thirds of ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the Sun. If all such rays reach Earth, would be harmful to life on the planet. The ozone layer is located in the stratosphere, extending from 15 to 50 km, but was most concentrated at 20-25 km. Basically, it is not ozone and ozone air pure, with a larger number of molecules of ozone in composition than ordinary air (containing mostly nitrogen and oxygen).
The ozone layer has been a continuous transformation between different forms of oxygen. Ordinary molecules of oxygen, O2, splits into oxygen atoms, O. They unite with oxygen molecules to form ozone, O3. Over time, ozone decomposes back into oxygen atoms O2 and singular normal oxygen, O.
In the past 40 years the industrial production which use many chemical compounds containing chlorine, such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in aerosols, refrigerants and solvents used in the electronics industry. These substances were banned by the Montreal Protocol.
Other greenhouse gases
Other greenhouse gases that cause: nitrous oxide, hydro-fluoric-carbons, per-fluoric-carbons and sulfur fluoride.
Nitrous oxide.
Halogenated compounds. These include hydro-fluoric-carbons (freons – CFC, HCFC, HFC, Freon-11 = R 11 = CFC-11, Freon-12 = R 12 = CFC-12, Freon-113 = R-113 = CFC-113, Freon-22 = R 22 = HCFC-22), per-fluoric-carbons (PFCs) and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6). To emphasize that these substances than the greenhouse effect, have a devastating effect on the ozone layer.
Synergistic phenomena
Volcanism is a factor whose importance has been underestimated until recently. volcanism contributes to global warming in two ways:
by greenhouse gas (usually CO2) contained in the magma;
by volcanic ash and sulfur aerosols which obstruct sunlight.
It is considered that the effect of volcanoes in the pre-industrial (before 1850) was warming, but after the effect of cooling was due contribution to global darkening.
